Efektivitas Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Remaja di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Abstract
Adolescents’ reproductive health knowledge in upper secondary schools remains a concern due to its association with risks of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of various reproductive health education methods in improving high school students’ knowledge and to explain the underlying theoretical mechanisms. A narrative review combined with conceptual framework analysis was conducted on peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026 that met the inclusion criteria of school-based interventions with pre- and post-knowledge measurements. The synthesis shows that all educational methods improved adolescents’ knowledge, with the highest effectiveness observed in media that are visual, interactive, structured, and repeatedly accessible, such as audiovisual materials, educational films, mobile applications, social media videos, structured modules, and comprehensive sexuality education, compared to one-way methods such as lectures and leaflets. These findings are theoretically explained by the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, which strengthen adolescents’ risk perception, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. It is recommended that schools integrate visual-interactive and digital-participatory media into reproductive health education programs to enhance learning effectiveness.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47317/mikki.v15i1.850
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