Pengaruh Kampanye Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Cuci Tangan Dengan Sabun Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Abstract
Background: Handwashing with soap is one of the most effective measures to prevent infectious diseases among elementary school children. Social media campaigns have become increasingly popular as health promotion strategies, but their effectiveness on handwashing behavior among elementary school children needs further investigation. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of social media campaigns on handwashing behavior with soap among elementary school children. Methods: This quantitative study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The population consisted of 2,847 students in grades 4-6 from public elementary schools in Cilandak District, South Jakarta. The sample included 352 students selected through cluster random sampling, comprising 176 students in the intervention group and 176 students in the control group. The intervention group was exposed to social media campaigns through Instagram and TikTok for 8 weeks, while the control group received no specific intervention. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used paired t-test, independent t-test, and multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. Results: There was a significant increase in handwashing behavior scores in the intervention group from 62.34±8.21 to 78.56±6.45 (p<0.001), while the control group only increased from 61.87±7.98 to 64.23±8.12 (p=0.042). The difference in improvement between the two groups was 14.17 points and was statistically significant (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that social media campaigns had a significant effect on handwashing behavior (β=0.687; p<0.001) with a contribution of 47.2% (R²=0.472). Conclusion: Social media campaigns have proven effective in improving handwashing behavior with soap among elementary school children. Visual, brief, and engaging content on TikTok and Instagram platforms can be an effective health promotion strategy to change children's behavior.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47317/mikki.v15i1.849
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